Modern pet care,
powered by AI,
built for every pet.

The Affenpinscher is a small toy breed of German origin belonging to the Pinscher and Schnauzer group. It was developed from the 17th century onward as a ratter in stables, shops and homes, and its name derives from the…

The Afghan Hound is an ancient sighthound originating in the cold mountain regions of Afghanistan, where it was used for centuries to course hare, gazelle, wolves and other game across rugged terrain. The breed is distin…

The Aidi, also known as the Atlas Mountain Dog, is a Moroccan livestock guardian breed traditionally used by Berber herders in the Atlas Mountains to protect flocks, camps and property from predators. It is a medium-size…

The Airedale Terrier is the largest of the British terrier breeds, developed in the 19th century in the Aire valley of Yorkshire, England, by crossing working terriers with the Otterhound to produce a versatile hunter of…

The Akita is a large spitz-type breed from the mountainous Akita Prefecture in northern Japan, where it was historically used for hunting large game such as bear, boar and deer, and later as a guard dog. It is powerfully…

The Alaskan Malamute is one of the oldest Arctic sled dog breeds, developed by the Mahlemut Inuit people of northwestern Alaska to haul heavy freight over long distances in extreme cold. It is a large, powerfully built n…

The Alpine Dachsbracke is a small Austrian scent hound developed in the mountainous regions of the Austrian Alps during the 19th century, where it was used by royal hunting parties to track wounded deer and to hunt hare,…

The American Akita is a large spitz-type breed that descends from Japanese Akitas brought to the United States after the Second World War, where breeders selected for a heavier, more substantial dog in a wider range of c…

The American Cocker Spaniel was developed in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from English Cocker Spaniel stock, and was originally used as a flushing and retrieving gun dog for small game and…

The American Foxhound is a large scent hound developed in the United States from English Foxhounds imported in the 17th and 18th centuries, crossed later with French and Irish hounds to produce a lighter, faster dog suit…

The American Staffordshire Terrier, commonly called the AmStaff, is a medium-sized bull-and-terrier breed developed in the United States from English Staffordshire Bull Terrier and bulldog stock brought by 19th-century i…

The American Water Spaniel is a medium-sized gundog developed in the Great Lakes region of the United States during the 19th century, probably from crosses of English and Irish Water Spaniels with curly-coated retrievers…

The Anglo-Français de Petite Vénerie is a medium-sized French scent hound created by crossing French scent hound breeds such as the Poitevin and Porcelaine with English Foxhounds, to hunt small game in packs. The name re…

The Kintamani-Bali Dog is a spitz-type breed native to the Kintamani highlands of the Indonesian island of Bali, developed from free-roaming Bali street dogs and recognized provisionally by the FCI in 2019. It is a mediu…

The Appenzeller Sennenhund is a medium-sized Swiss working breed originating in the Appenzell region of north-eastern Switzerland, and is one of the four traditional Sennenhund or Swiss mountain dog breeds. It was develo…

The Ariegeois is a medium-sized French scent hound from the Ariège region of the Pyrenees in southern France, developed in the late 19th century by crossing local bracque hounds with larger scent hounds such as the Grand…

The Australian Cattle Dog is a medium-sized herding breed developed in 19th-century Australia by crossing imported Smithfield and Collie-type herders with the native Dingo, and later with Dalmatian and Kelpie, to produce…

The Australian Kelpie is a medium-sized herding breed developed in 19th-century Australia from imported British working collies, possibly with some infusion of Dingo, to handle large flocks of sheep over vast distances i…

The Australian Shepherd, despite its name, was developed in the western United States during the 19th and 20th centuries as an all-purpose ranch herder, with ancestors including Pyrenean sheepdogs brought by Basque sheph…

The Australian Silky Terrier is a small toy terrier developed in Australia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by crossing the Australian Terrier with the Yorkshire Terrier, aimed at producing a refined companion d…

The Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog is a medium-sized Australian herding breed closely related to the Australian Cattle Dog but distinguished by its naturally bobbed or tailless appearance. It was developed in the 19th…

The Australian Terrier is a small working terrier developed in Australia during the 19th century from various British terrier types brought by settlers, including the forerunners of the Cairn, Dandie Dinmont, Yorkshire a…

The Azawakh is an ancient African sighthound from the Sahel region of West Africa, raised by the Tuareg, Peulh, Bella and Hausa peoples of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso, where it takes its name from the Azawagh Valley. It…

The Barbet is a medium-sized French water dog of ancient origin, used in France since at least the 16th century to flush and retrieve waterfowl from marshes, ponds and rivers. Its name derives from the French word barbe,…

The Basenji is a small primitive-type hound originating in Central Africa, where it has been used for millennia by peoples of the Congo Basin to hunt small game, drive quarry into nets and alert hunters to prey. It is of…

The Basset Artésien Normand is a short-legged French scent hound developed in Normandy and the Artois region in the 19th century from older French basset strains, and belongs to the group of classic bassets used to hunt…

The Basset Bleu de Gascogne, or Blue Gascony Basset, is a French scent hound developed in the Gascony region of southwestern France from the larger Grand Bleu de Gascogne by selection for short legs. It was bred to hunt…

The Basset Fauve de Bretagne is a small, short-legged scent hound originating in Brittany in northwestern France, developed in the 19th century from the larger Grand Fauve de Bretagne, which is now extinct. It was bred a…

The Basset Hound is a short-legged scent hound developed in Great Britain during the 19th century from French basset breeds, especially the Basset d'Artois and Basset Artésien Normand, and was refined for use in hunting…

The Bavarian Mountain Hound is a German scent hound developed in the early 20th century in Bavaria by crossing the Hanoverian Scenthound with lighter Alpine bracken hounds, to produce a dog capable of trailing wounded ga…

The Beagle is a small scent hound developed in Great Britain, refined to its modern form during the 19th century from older English hunting hounds. It was bred primarily to hunt hare and rabbit in packs, relying on a kee…

The Beagle-Harrier is a medium-sized French scent hound created in the 19th century by crossing the English Beagle with the Harrier. It was developed for pack hunting of hare and other small game across open country, com…

The Bearded Collie is a British herding breed of collie type, long used by Scottish shepherds to drive sheep and cattle across the Highlands. It is a medium-sized, athletic dog covered in a long, shaggy double coat that…

The Bedlington Terrier is a small British terrier named after the mining town of Bedlington in Northumberland, England, where it was developed in the 19th century for hunting vermin and poaching small game. Its distincti…

The White Swiss Shepherd Dog, or Berger Blanc Suisse, is a Swiss herding breed descended from white-coated German Shepherd lines preserved in North America and later reintroduced to Switzerland. It is a medium to large,…

The Beauceron, also known as the Berger de Beauce or Bas Rouge, is a large French herding breed originating on the plains around Paris, where it was used to drive and guard flocks of sheep and cattle. It is a powerfully…

The Briard, or Berger de Brie, is a large French herding breed with a long history in the plains of northern France, where it was used both to drive flocks and to protect them from predators and thieves. It is distinguis…

The Berger Picard, or Picardy Shepherd, is a medium-sized French herding breed from the Picardy region in northern France, historically used for driving sheep and cattle. It has a rough, tousled fawn or brindle coat, upr…

The Bernese Mountain Dog, or Berner Sennenhund, is a large Swiss working breed from the canton of Bern, historically used on farms as a draft dog, drover, and general farmyard guardian. It is a sturdy, heavy-boned tricol…

The Bichon Frise, or Bichon a Poil Frise, is a small Franco-Belgian companion breed of the bichon type, with roots in Mediterranean lap dogs that were popular in European courts from the Renaissance onward. It has a stur…

The Havanese, or Bichon Havanais, is the national dog of Cuba and the only breed native to the island, developed from bichon-type dogs brought by European settlers. It is a small, sturdy companion with a long, soft, wavy…

The Billy is a large French scent hound from the Poitou region in central-western France, developed in the early 20th century from older regional hunting breeds to hunt wild boar, roe deer, and other large game. It is a…

The Black and Tan Coonhound is a large American scent hound developed in the United States from crosses of the English Foxhound, Bloodhound, and Virginia Foxhound, bred to trail and tree raccoons and larger game such as…

The Bolognese is a small Italian companion breed of the bichon type, named after the city of Bologna and documented in noble households since the Renaissance. It is a compact, square-built toy dog with a distinctive long…

The Border Collie is a medium-sized British herding breed originating in the hill country along the Anglo-Scottish border, where it was refined from traditional working sheepdogs. It is renowned for its exceptional intel…

The Border Terrier is a small British working terrier from the hill country of the Anglo-Scottish border, developed to run with foxhound packs and bolt foxes from their earths. It has a wiry, weather-resistant double coa…

The Bosanski Ostrodlaki Gonic, known as the Bosnian Coarse-Haired Hound or Barak, is a medium-sized scent hound from Bosnia and Herzegovina, developed for hunting hare, fox, and wild boar in the country's forested and mo…

The Boston Terrier is a small companion breed developed in the United States in the late 19th century from crosses between English Bulldogs and now-extinct white English Terriers. Nicknamed the American Gentleman, it is…

The French Bulldog, or Bouledogue Francais, is a small companion breed developed in 19th-century France from toy bulldogs brought over by English lace workers and later crossed with local ratters. It is a compact, muscul…

The Bouvier des Ardennes is a rare Belgian cattle dog from the Ardennes region, historically used by farmers to drive cattle and perform general farm work. It is a medium-sized, rugged dog with a rough double coat, a bea…

The Bouvier des Flandres is a large herding and drover breed from the Flanders region of Belgium and northern France, originally used for cattle droving, sheep herding, and cart pulling on farms. It is a powerfully built…

The Bracco Italiano is one of the oldest European pointing breeds, originating in Italy with documented roots going back several centuries. It is a large, powerfully built gundog with long drop ears, loose skin, a noble…

The Austrian Black and Tan Hound, or Brandlbracke, is a medium-sized Austrian scent hound descended from the old Celtic hounds of central Europe. It was developed for tracking wounded game, particularly hare and deer, in…

The Braque d'Auvergne is a French pointing breed from the mountainous Cantal department in the historic Auvergne region of south-central France. It is a large, well-balanced gundog with a short black and white coat, ofte…

The Braque de l'Ariege is a French pointing breed from the Ariege department in the foothills of the Pyrenees, developed in the 19th century from older southern French pointers crossed with larger braque types. It is a t…

The Braque du Bourbonnais is a French pointing breed from the Bourbonnais region in central France, with a long regional history and a modern population rebuilt in the 20th century after near extinction. It is a medium-s…

The Braque Francais type Gascogne is the larger of the two French Pointing Dog varieties, originating in the Gascony region of southwestern France and considered one of the oldest continental pointing breeds. It is a str…

The Braque Francais type Pyrenees is the smaller and lighter of the two French Pointing Dog varieties, developed in the foothills of the Pyrenees in southern France. It is a medium-sized, athletic gundog with a short whi…

The Braque Saint-Germain is a French pointing breed created around 1830 by crossing English Pointers with French braques at the royal kennels near Paris. It is a medium-large, elegant gundog with a short white coat marke…

The Briquet Griffon Vendeen is a medium-sized French scent hound from the Vendee region on the Atlantic coast, descended from the larger Grand Griffon Vendeen and recognized as a distinct breed in the mid-20th century. I…

The Broholmer, also known as the Danish Mastiff, is a large mastiff-type breed from Denmark. Historically kept on wealthy estates and farms as an estate guardian and property protector, the breed nearly disappeared after…

The Buldogue Campeiro, or Campeiro Bulldog, is a working molosser breed developed in southern Brazil from old bulldog-type dogs brought by European settlers. It was traditionally used by cattle ranchers in the region to…

The Bull Terrier is a British breed of terrier developed in 19th-century England by crossing bull-and-terrier dogs with English White Terriers and other breeds, largely through the work of James Hinks. Originally bred fo…

The Bulldog, also called the English Bulldog or British Bulldog, is a medium-sized molosser breed that originated in England. It descends from earlier bull-baiting dogs used in the bloodsport of the same name, and after…

The Bullmastiff is a large mastiff-type breed developed in 19th-century England by crossing the English Mastiff with the now-extinct Old English Bulldog. It was bred by gamekeepers on large estates to track, intercept, a…

The Ca de Bestiar, also known as the Majorca Shepherd Dog or Perro de Pastor Mallorquin, is a Spanish breed native to the island of Mallorca in the Balearic Islands. Traditionally it was used by island shepherds to drive…

The Cairn Terrier is a small working terrier originating in the Scottish Highlands and on the Isle of Skye, and is considered one of Scotland's oldest terrier breeds. It was developed by farmers to hunt and dislodge verm…

The Canaan Dog is a primitive-type breed developed in early 20th-century Israel from the semi-wild pariah dogs long present in the region. Dr. Rudolphina Menzel selected and standardised these dogs for use as sentries, m…

The Canadian Eskimo Dog, also called the Canadian Inuit Dog or qimmiq, is an ancient Arctic working breed historically kept by the Thule and Inuit peoples of northern Canada and Greenland. For centuries it was used as a…

The Cane Corso is an Italian mastiff-type breed descended from the ancient Roman canis pugnax and native to southern Italy. Historically it was a versatile farm and country dog used for guarding property, driving and man…

The Maremma Sheepdog, known in Italian as the Cane da Pastore Maremmano-Abruzzese, is a large livestock guardian breed from the Maremma region of Tuscany and the Abruzzo mountains of central Italy. For many centuries it…

The Bergamasco Shepherd is an ancient herding breed from the Italian Alps, particularly the region around Bergamo in northern Italy. It was developed to herd and guard sheep and cattle in alpine pastures, where its disti…

The Poodle, known in French as the Caniche, is a water-retrieving and companion breed usually associated with France, though its early ancestors were also widespread in Germany. It was originally developed as a water dog…

The Estrela Mountain Dog, or Cao da Serra da Estrela, is a large livestock guardian breed native to the Serra da Estrela mountain range in central Portugal. For centuries shepherds relied on it to protect flocks of sheep…

The Portuguese Sheepdog, or Cao da Serra de Aires, is a medium-sized herding breed from the Alentejo plains of southern Portugal. It was developed in the early 20th century to herd and drive sheep, goats, cattle, horses,…

The Portuguese Water Dog, or Cao de Agua Portugues, is a medium-sized working breed from the coast of Portugal, particularly the Algarve region. For centuries it accompanied Portuguese fishermen on their boats, where it…

The Castro Laboreiro Dog is a livestock guardian breed from the remote village of Castro Laboreiro in the mountains of northern Portugal, near the Spanish border. It was developed by local herders to protect flocks and f…

The Cao de Gado Transmontano, or Transmontano Mastiff, is a large livestock guardian breed from the Tras-os-Montes region in north-eastern Portugal. It was developed by shepherds of the high plateaus to defend flocks of…

The Saint Miguel Cattle Dog, or Cao Fila de Sao Miguel, is a mastiff-type breed originating on the island of Sao Miguel in the Portuguese Azores. It was developed from local and imported molosser-type dogs to herd and co…

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a British toy spaniel breed developed in early 20th-century England as an attempt to recreate the longer-muzzled toy spaniels depicted in paintings from the court of King Charles II.…

The Czechoslovakian Wolfdog is a relatively modern breed created in Czechoslovakia beginning in 1955 through a planned crossbreeding experiment between German Shepherds and Carpathian wolves. It was originally bred for m…

The Cesky Fousek, or Bohemian Wire-haired Pointing Griffon, is a versatile hunting breed from the Czech lands with roots reaching back to medieval times. It nearly went extinct in the early 20th century and was reconstru…

The Cesky Terrier, also known as the Bohemian Terrier, is a small terrier breed created in the Czech Republic in the 1940s by breeder Frantisek Horak. He combined the Sealyham Terrier with the Scottish Terrier to produce…

The Chart Polski, or Polish Greyhound, is a large sighthound breed native to Poland with a documented history going back several centuries. It was traditionally used by the Polish nobility to hunt hare, fox, deer, and wo…

The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is an American gundog breed developed in the 19th century around Chesapeake Bay on the eastern seaboard of the United States. It descends from two Newfoundland-type dogs rescued from a shipwr…

The Artois Hound, or Chien d'Artois, is a medium-sized French scenthound originating in the Artois region of northern France. It was historically bred and used in packs by the French nobility to hunt hare, fox, and small…

The Belgian Shepherd, or Chien de Berger Belge, is a herding breed developed in late 19th-century Belgium from the various regional sheepdogs of the country. It was standardised into four coat varieties, Groenendael, Ter…

The Smooth-faced Pyrenean Sheepdog, or Berger des Pyrenees a face rase, is a small French herding breed from the central Pyrenees mountains on the border of France and Spain. It was traditionally used by Pyrenean shepher…

The Long-haired Pyrenean Sheepdog, or Berger des Pyrenees a poil long, is a small herding breed from the Pyrenees mountains of southern France. For centuries it worked alongside the Pyrenean Mountain Dog, acting as the a…

The Pyrenean Mountain Dog, known in France as the Chien de Montagne des Pyrenees or Patou and in English as the Great Pyrenees, is a large livestock guardian breed from the French side of the Pyrenees mountains. For cent…

The Bloodhound is a large scent hound originating in Belgium and associated with the Abbey of Saint-Hubert, from which its French name Chien de Saint-Hubert derives. Bred since the Middle Ages for tracking deer, wild boa…

The Chihuahua is a Mexican toy breed named after the northern state of Chihuahua, where specimens were first documented in the 19th century. It is often cited as the smallest dog breed in the world and is thought to desc…

The Japanese Chin, also known as the Japanese Spaniel, is a toy breed long associated with Japanese nobility and Buddhist temples, having reached Japan from the Asian mainland and been refined there over centuries. It wa…

The Chinese Crested Dog is a small hairless breed whose exact origins are obscure but which is traditionally linked to Chinese trading ships, where it is thought to have hunted vermin. The breed occurs in two coat variet…

The Chodsky pes, also called the Bohemian Shepherd, is a medium-sized herding breed from the Chodsko region of the Czech Republic, where its ancestors have been documented as livestock and guard dogs since at least the M…

The Chow Chow is an ancient spitz-type breed from northern China, where it served for centuries as a hunting dog, cart-puller, guardian and source of fur. It is distinguished by its sturdy square build, broad skull, smal…

The Cimarrón Uruguayo is a molosser-type breed native to Uruguay, descended from feral dogs of European origin that survived in the countryside after the colonial period. It was traditionally used by rural workers for hu…

The Ciobanesc Romanesc Corb, or Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog, is a large livestock guardian breed from the sub-Carpathian counties of Arges, Brasov, Dambovita and Prahova in Romania. It was developed over generations by s…

The Ciobanesc Romanesc Carpatin, or Romanian Carpathian Shepherd Dog, is a large livestock guardian breed developed in the Carpathian Mountains of Romania. It was bred by shepherds to protect sheep from wolves, bears and…

The Ciobanesc Romanesc de Bucovina, or Bucovina Shepherd Dog, is a giant livestock guardian breed from the Carpathian highlands of the Bucovina region in north-eastern Romania. It was developed by local shepherds to defe…

The Ciobanesc Romanesc Mioritic, or Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, is a large livestock guardian breed that originated in the Carpathian Mountains of Romania. It was developed by shepherds to guard flocks against wolves…

The Cirneco dell'Etna is an ancient primitive-type hunting breed from the Mediterranean island of Sicily, where it has worked for centuries on the volcanic slopes of Mount Etna. It was developed to hunt rabbits and small…

The Clumber Spaniel is a gundog breed developed in England in the 18th and 19th centuries on the Clumber Park estate of the Duke of Newcastle, and is the heaviest of the spaniels. It was bred as a flushing and retrieving…

The Rough Collie is a herding breed developed in the highlands of Scotland and northern England, where it worked as an all-purpose sheep and cattle dog. It rose to international prominence in the 19th century after being…

The Smooth Collie is a herding breed from Scotland and northern England that shares its origin and foundation stock with the Rough Collie, differing only in coat. It was developed as a versatile working dog for driving a…

The Continental Bulldog, or Conti, is a relatively new breed developed in Switzerland from the early 2000s by crossing the English Bulldog with the Old English Bulldog in order to create a healthier, more athletic bulldo…

The Coton de Tulear is a small bichon-type breed named after the coastal city of Toliara (formerly Tulear) in Madagascar, where it was long kept as a companion to Malagasy nobility. Tradition holds that its ancestors wer…

The Crnogorski planinski gonic, or Montenegrin Mountain Hound, is a medium-sized scent hound from the mountainous regions of Montenegro in the western Balkans. It was developed by local hunters to pursue hare, fox and wi…

The Curly Coated Retriever is one of the oldest retriever breeds, developed in England from the late 18th century using older water dogs, setters and possibly poodle and Newfoundland stock. It was bred to retrieve waterf…

The Dachshund is a scent hound of German origin, whose name literally means 'badger dog', reflecting its traditional role of going to ground after badgers and other burrowing quarry. It has been documented in Germany sin…

The Dalmatian is a distinctive spotted breed whose name derives from the historical region of Dalmatia on the eastern Adriatic coast in present-day Croatia. It was historically used as a carriage or coach dog, running al…

The Dandie Dinmont Terrier is a small Scottish terrier breed developed along the border between Scotland and England, where it was used to hunt otter, badger and vermin. It takes its name from a fictional farmer in Sir W…

The Dansk-Svensk Gardshund, or Danish-Swedish Farmdog, is a small pinscher-type breed developed on the farms of Denmark and southern Sweden, where its ancestors have lived for several centuries. It was historically kept…

The Scottish Deerhound is an ancient rough-coated sighthound developed in the Highlands of Scotland for coursing and bringing down native red deer. Once the favoured hunting dog of Scottish nobles, it came close to extin…

The Deutsch Drahthaar, known in English as the German Wirehaired Pointer, is a versatile gundog developed in Germany in the late 19th century by crossing older pointing breeds with wire-coated hunting dogs. It was create…

The Deutsch Kurzhaar, or German Shorthaired Pointer, is a versatile gundog developed in Germany during the 19th century from older Spanish and German pointing dogs combined with scent hounds. It was bred as an all-purpos…

The Deutsch Langhaar, or German Longhaired Pointer, is a versatile gundog developed in Germany in the 19th century from older long-coated bird dogs and setters. It was bred as an all-purpose hunting dog for pointing, tra…

The Deutsch Stichelhaar is a rare German pointing breed developed in the 19th century from older rough-coated German hunting dogs, predating and influencing the more widespread German Wirehaired Pointer. It was bred as a…

The Deutsche Bracke, or German Hound, is a medium-sized scent hound originating in the Westphalia region of Germany, where its ancestors have been used for hunting since the Middle Ages. It was developed to pursue hare,…

The Great Dane, known in Germany as the Deutsche Dogge, is a giant mastiff-type breed developed in Germany from earlier European boarhounds used in the Middle Ages to hunt bear, wild boar and deer. It was later refined b…

The Deutscher Boxer, or Boxer, is a medium-to-large working breed developed in Germany in the late 19th century from the now-extinct Bullenbeisser and imported English Bulldogs. It was originally bred for hunting and hol…

The Deutscher Jagdterrier, or German Hunting Terrier, is a small working terrier developed in Germany in the 1920s by crossing Fox Terriers with Old English Terriers to produce an all-purpose hunting dog. It was bred to…

The Deutscher Pinscher, or German Pinscher, is a medium-sized breed from Germany that shares ancestry with the Schnauzer and is essentially its smooth-coated counterpart. Historically used as a farm and stable dog for ra…

The Deutscher Schäferhund, or German Shepherd Dog, is a large herding breed developed in Germany in the late 19th century by Max von Stephanitz to create a standardized working sheepdog. Originally used to herd and guard…

The Deutscher Spitz, or German Spitz, is an ancient spitz-type breed from Germany comprising several size varieties, including the Wolfsspitz (Keeshond), Giant, Medium, Miniature, and Toy (Pomeranian) Spitz. Historically…

The Deutscher Wachtelhund, or German Spaniel, is a medium-sized hunting breed developed in Germany around 1900 from older Stöberhund flushing dogs. It was bred as a versatile gundog able to track, flush, and retrieve gam…

The Dobermann is a medium-large working breed developed in Thuringia, Germany, in the 1880s by tax collector Louis Dobermann, who sought a loyal and imposing protection dog. Several breeds including the German Pinscher,…

The Dogo Argentino is a large mastiff-type breed developed in the Córdoba province of Argentina in the early 20th century by Antonio Nores Martínez. It was created by crossing the extinct Córdoba Fighting Dog with breeds…

The Dogue de Bordeaux, also called the Bordeaux Mastiff or French Mastiff, is an ancient large mastiff-type breed from southern France with roots tracing back centuries to regional guard and hunting dogs. It was historic…

The Do-Khyi, known internationally as the Tibetan Mastiff, is a large primitive guardian breed from the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan region. For centuries it was used by nomads and monasteries to guard livestock, homes,…

The Drentsche Patrijshond, or Drentse Partridge Dog, is a medium-sized pointing and retrieving breed from the Drenthe province of the Netherlands, where it has been used by hunters since at least the 16th century. Develo…

The Drever is a small short-legged scenthound from Sweden, descended from the German Westphalian Dachsbracke brought north in the early 20th century. It was developed to hunt deer, fox, and hare in Scandinavian forests,…

The Drótzörü Magyar Vizsla, or Hungarian Wirehaired Vizsla, is a medium-large pointing breed developed in Hungary in the 1930s by crossing the smooth-coated Vizsla with the German Wirehaired Pointer. It was created to pr…

The Dunker, or Norwegian Hound, is a medium-sized scenthound developed in Norway in the 19th century by Captain Wilhelm Dunker, who crossed local scent hounds with the Russian Harlequin Hound. The breed was created to tr…

The Eesti Hagijas, or Estonian Hound, is a medium-sized scenthound and the only dog breed developed in Estonia. It was created in the mid-20th century by crossing Beagles, Swiss Hounds, Finnish Hounds, and local dogs to…

The English Cocker Spaniel is a medium-sized flushing spaniel developed in Great Britain, where spaniels used to flush woodcock gave the breed its name. It was formally separated from other land spaniels in the late 19th…

The English Foxhound is a large scenthound developed in England from at least the 16th century to hunt fox in packs on horseback. It was created by crossing old Southern Hounds with lighter, faster hound types to produce…

The English Pointer, commonly known simply as the Pointer, is a medium-large gundog developed in England in the 17th and 18th centuries by combining older pointer types with Foxhound, Greyhound, and Setter blood. It was…

The English Setter is a medium-large gundog developed in England over several centuries and refined in the 19th century by breeders such as Edward Laverack and Purcell Llewellin. It was created to locate and set, or crou…

The English Springer Spaniel is a medium-sized flushing spaniel developed in Great Britain from the same stock as other land spaniels and formally separated as a breed in the early 20th century. It was bred to spring, or…

The English Toy Terrier (Black and Tan) is a small British companion terrier descended from the old Black and Tan Terrier, historically used as a ratter in homes, stables, and pits. By the 19th century selective breeding…

The Entlebucher Sennenhund, or Entlebucher Mountain Dog, is a medium-sized herding breed from the Entlebuch valley in the Swiss canton of Lucerne and is the smallest of the four Swiss Sennenhund breeds. It was developed…

The Epagneul Bleu de Picardie, or Blue Picardy Spaniel, is a medium-sized pointing spaniel developed in the Picardy region of northern France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It arose from crosses between Picar…

The Epagneul Breton, or Brittany, is a medium-sized versatile gundog from the Brittany region of France with roots traced to at least the 19th century. It was developed as a compact pointing and retrieving spaniel suited…

The Epagneul de Pont-Audemer, or Pont-Audemer Spaniel, is a rare medium-sized gundog from Normandy, France, developed in the 19th century from crosses between French spaniels and curly-coated retriever-type breeds. It wa…

The Epagneul Français, or French Spaniel, is a medium-large pointing spaniel and one of the oldest French gundog breeds, with depictions dating to the Middle Ages. It was developed as a versatile pointing and retrieving…

The Epagneul Nain Continental, or Continental Toy Spaniel, is a small companion breed from France and Belgium whose ancestors appear in European royal portraits from the Renaissance onward. It has long been bred purely a…

The Epagneul Picard, or Picardy Spaniel, is a medium-sized pointing spaniel from the Picardy region of northern France, considered one of the oldest continental pointing breeds with roots going back several centuries. It…

The Erdélyi Kopó, or Transylvanian Hound, is a medium-large scenthound developed in Hungary and historically used by Magyar nobility to hunt large game such as bear, boar, and lynx in the Carpathian Mountains. Once exist…

The Eurasier is a medium-sized spitz-type breed developed in Germany in the 1960s by Julius Wipfel, who crossed the Chow Chow, Wolfspitz (Keeshond), and later the Samoyed to create a balanced family companion. The breed…

The Field Spaniel is a medium-sized flushing spaniel developed in Great Britain during the 19th century. It was originally bred as an all-black show dog, but was later redeveloped with longer legs to better suit work as…

The Fila Brasileiro is a large working dog of mastiff type originating in Brazil. Developed on colonial estates, it was used for tracking livestock, guarding plantations, and hunting large game such as jaguars. The breed…

The Flat-Coated Retriever is a gundog breed developed in Great Britain in the mid-19th century from crosses of Newfoundland, setter, and early retriever stock. It was bred as a versatile retriever for waterfowl and uplan…

The Smooth Fox Terrier is a British terrier breed developed in England during the 18th and 19th centuries for bolting foxes from their dens during mounted hunts. It shares its ancestry with the Wire Fox Terrier but is di…

The Wire Fox Terrier is a British terrier breed developed in England for bolting foxes during traditional mounted hunts. It shares its structure and working heritage with the Smooth Fox Terrier but has a harsh, dense, wi…

The Français Blanc et Noir, or French White and Black Hound, is a large scenthound breed originating in France. It was developed in the 19th century from crosses of old French hounds with English Foxhounds to create a pa…

The Français Blanc et Orange, or French White and Orange Hound, is a French scenthound breed developed as a pack hound for hunting large game. It descends from old French hound stock with some influence of English Foxhou…

The Français Tricolore, or French Tricolour Hound, is a large scenthound breed originating in France. It was developed in the 19th century by blending old French hound breeds with English Foxhounds to produce a hardy pac…

The Galgo Español, or Spanish Greyhound, is an ancient sighthound breed from Spain. It was historically developed on the Iberian plains for coursing hares and small game, and it is considered a possible ancestor of the m…

The Gammel Dansk Hønsehund, or Old Danish Pointer, is a continental pointing breed developed in Denmark from the early 18th century. It was created by crossing local farm dogs with Spanish pointer types to produce a calm…

The Gascon Saintongeois is a French scenthound breed, recognised in Grand and Petit varieties. It was reconstituted in the 19th century from the old Hound of Saintonge and Grand Bleu de Gascogne stock to produce a hound…

The Golden Retriever is a medium-large gundog breed developed in Scotland during the second half of the 19th century. It was bred by crossing a yellow retriever with the now-extinct Tweed Water Spaniel and later addition…

The Gończy Polski, or Polish Hound, is a medium-sized scenthound native to Poland, developed in the forested and mountainous regions of the country. It was bred for tracking large game such as wild boar and deer over lon…

The Gordon Setter is a large gundog breed originating in Scotland, where it was developed on the estates of the Dukes of Gordon during the 18th and 19th centuries. It was bred as a bird dog for pointing and setting grous…

The Gos d'Atura Català, or Catalan Sheepdog, is a medium-sized herding breed originating in the Pyrenees of Catalonia in northeastern Spain. It was developed by shepherds to drive and guard flocks of sheep over rough mou…

The Gos Rater Valencià, or Valencian Ratter, is a small terrier breed from the Valencia region of Spain. It was traditionally kept on farms and in homes to hunt rats, mice, and other vermin, and was also used for small-g…

The Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Noir, or Great Anglo-French White and Black Hound, is a large scenthound breed developed in France. It was created by crossing native French scenthounds with English Foxhounds to produce…

The Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange, or Great Anglo-French White and Orange Hound, is a large French scenthound breed. It was developed by crossing French scenthound stock with English Foxhounds to create a robust p…

The Grand Anglo-Français Tricolore, or Great Anglo-French Tricolour Hound, is a large French scenthound breed. It was developed by crossing traditional French hounds with English Foxhounds to produce a hardy pack hound f…

The Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen is a medium-sized scenthound breed originating in the Vendée region of western France. It was developed from larger Griffon Vendéen stock to produce a short-legged hound capable of huntin…

The Grand Bleu de Gascogne is a large scenthound breed from the Gascony region of southwestern France. It is one of the oldest French hound types and was traditionally used in packs for hunting wolf, boar, and deer over…

The Grand Griffon Vendéen is a large scenthound breed originating in the Vendée region of western France. It is the oldest and largest of the four Vendée griffons, with a lineage traced back to rough-coated hunting dogs…

The Greyhound is an ancient sighthound breed refined in Great Britain for coursing game by sight and speed. Historically used by the nobility to pursue hares, deer, and foxes across open country, it later became central…

The Korthals Griffon, also known as the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, is a continental gundog breed developed in the late 19th century by Dutch breeder Eduard Karel Korthals working primarily in France and Germany. It was…

The Griffon Belge, or Belgian Griffon, is a small toy breed originating in Brussels, Belgium. It was developed in the 19th century from local ratting terriers crossed with Affenpinschers, Pugs, and King Charles Spaniels,…

The Griffon Bleu de Gascogne is a medium-sized scenthound breed originating in the Gascony region of southwestern France. It was developed by crossing Grand Bleu de Gascogne hounds with rough-coated griffon types to prod…

The Griffon Bruxellois, or Brussels Griffon, is a small toy breed from the city of Brussels in Belgium. It developed in the 19th century from local stable terriers crossed with Affenpinschers, Pugs, and King Charles Span…

The Griffon Fauve de Bretagne, or Fawn Brittany Griffon, is a medium-sized scenthound breed from the Brittany region of northwestern France. It is one of the oldest French hound types and was traditionally used for hunti…

The Griffon Nivernais is a medium-sized scenthound breed from the Nivernais region of central France. The modern breed is a 20th-century reconstruction of an old rough-coated hound type that had been used since the Middl…

The Grønlandshund, or Greenland Dog, is a large Nordic sledge dog breed from Greenland and one of the oldest working dog breeds in existence. It was brought from Siberia to the Arctic regions of North America roughly a t…

The Large Munsterlander is a versatile gundog developed in the Munsterland region of Westphalia and Lower Saxony in Germany during the early twentieth century. It was bred from long-haired continental pointing dogs to wo…

The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog is a large working breed from the Swiss Alps, descended from Molosser-type dogs used by Alpine farmers and drovers. It was traditionally employed to guard farmsteads, pull carts and drive c…

The Halden Hound is a medium-sized Norwegian scenthound developed in the nineteenth century around the town of Halden in south-eastern Norway. It was created by crossing local hounds with English Foxhounds and other Euro…

The Hamiltonstovare is a Swedish scenthound developed in the late nineteenth century by Count Adolf Hamilton, founder of the Swedish Kennel Club. It was produced by crossing German hounds with English Foxhounds and Harri…

The Hanoverian Scenthound is a German tracking breed whose origins trace back to medieval bloodhounds kept by royal hunters in the Kingdom of Hanover. It was refined in the nineteenth century as a specialist leash hound…

The Harrier is a medium-sized British scenthound developed in England from at least the medieval period to hunt hare in mounted packs. It resembles a small English Foxhound and was bred for stamina, a strong nose and the…

The Hellenic Hound is an ancient Greek scenthound believed to descend from hounds used in the southern Balkans for hunting hare and other small game. Traditionally worked in small packs across the rugged Peloponnese, it…

The Hokkaido, also known as the Ainu-ken, is a primitive spitz-type breed native to the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido, where it was developed by the Ainu people. It was used for centuries to hunt large game, inclu…

The Dutch Shepherd is a herding breed developed by Dutch farmers and shepherds from local working dogs as early as the nineteenth century. It was bred as a versatile farm dog expected to drive sheep, guard property, pull…

The Dutch Smoushond is a small wiry-coated breed from the Netherlands, related to the Pinscher and Schnauzer group and historically kept in stables and shops as a ratter. Nearly extinct after the Second World War, the br…

The Hovawart is a medium-to-large German working breed whose name derives from Middle High German words meaning 'estate guardian'. Dogs of this type were used in medieval Germany to guard farms and castles, and the moder…

The Croatian Sheepdog is a medium-sized herding breed from the plains of Slavonia in eastern Croatia, where written records of similar dogs date back to the fourteenth century. It was developed by local farmers to drive…

The Hygen Hound is a Norwegian scenthound created in the nineteenth century by breeder Hygen, who combined various European hounds to produce a durable tracker for Norwegian conditions. It was developed as a hardy endura…

The Irish Glen of Imaal Terrier is a small working terrier that originated in the remote Glen of Imaal in County Wicklow, Ireland, where it was developed by local farmers from the sixteenth century onward. It was used to…

The Irish Red and White Setter is a gundog breed from Ireland whose ancestry predates that of the solid red Irish Setter and can be traced to the seventeenth century. It was bred by Irish sportsmen to locate game birds b…

The Irish Setter is a classic gundog breed developed in Ireland from the eighteenth century onward through crosses of setters, spaniels and pointers. It was bred to quarter open ground at speed and indicate game birds by…

The Irish Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier is a medium-sized terrier from Ireland, recorded as a general farm dog there for at least two centuries before gaining formal recognition in 1937. It was used on small farms to herd…

The Irish Terrier is one of the oldest terrier breeds, with written references to similar dogs in Ireland going back several centuries and formal showing beginning in Dublin in 1873. It was developed as an all-purpose fa…

The Irish Water Spaniel is the tallest of the spaniels and was developed in Ireland in the nineteenth century, chiefly associated with the breeder Justin McCarthy of Dublin. It was created as a specialist waterfowl retri…

The Irish Wolfhound is an ancient sighthound from Ireland whose ancestors were used from at least the Roman era to hunt wolves, deer and wild boar and to serve as dogs of war and prestige gifts. After the extinction of w…

The Istrian Coarse-haired Hound is a scenthound from the Istrian peninsula in Croatia, developed from very old local hound stock and refined in the nineteenth century through crosses with French Griffon-type hounds. It w…

The Istrian Short-haired Hound is one of the oldest scenthound breeds of the Balkans, native to the Istrian peninsula of Croatia and documented there for several centuries. It was developed by local hunters to trail hare…

The Jack Russell Terrier is a small British working terrier whose type was developed in the nineteenth century by the Reverend John Russell of Devon for fox hunting. It was bred to run with the hounds and go to ground af…

The Jamthund, or Swedish Elkhound, is a large spitz-type hunting dog from the Jamtland province of central Sweden, where it has been used for centuries to hunt moose, bear and other large game. Long considered a regional…

The Sarplaninac is a large livestock guardian breed from the Sar Mountains on the border of North Macedonia, Kosovo and Albania, descended from ancient Molosser-type flock guardians of the southern Balkans. For centuries…

The Kai Ken is a rare Japanese spitz-type breed native to the mountainous Kai province, now Yamanashi Prefecture, where it was developed in isolation to hunt wild boar, deer and bear. Believed to be one of the most ancie…

The Kangal Shepherd Dog is a large Turkish livestock guardian breed named after the town and district of Kangal in Sivas Province in central Anatolia. It has been bred for centuries by Turkish shepherds to protect sheep…

The Karelian Bear Dog is a Finnish spitz-type hunting breed developed in the Karelia region on the border of Finland and Russia from ancient northern hunting dogs. It was standardised in the twentieth century to hunt lar…

The Caucasian Shepherd Dog is a massive livestock guardian breed from the Caucasus mountains, where its ancestors have protected flocks from wolves and other predators for thousands of years. It was standardised in the S…

Kazakh Tazy is an ancient sighthound from the steppes of Kazakhstan, related to but distinct from the Saluki and other Central Asian coursing hounds. It has been used for centuries by Kazakh hunters, often in cooperation…

The Kerry Blue Terrier is an Irish working terrier originating in County Kerry, recognizable by its soft, wavy, slate-blue coat. Historically it was used as an all-purpose farm dog, dispatching vermin and predators while…

The King Charles Spaniel, also known as the English Toy Spaniel, is a small companion breed of the toy spaniel type developed in England. In 1903 The Kennel Club consolidated four related toy spaniel varieties, Blenheim,…

The Kishu is an ancient Japanese spitz-type breed from the mountainous Kishu region of Honshu, where it was developed as a hunting dog for boar and deer. It is a medium-sized, muscular dog with pricked ears, a curled tai…

The Kleiner Münsterländer, or Small Munsterlander, is a versatile German hunting dog developed in the Münsterland region for pointing, flushing, and retrieving both on land and in water. It is a medium-sized gundog with…

The Komondor, also known as the Hungarian sheepdog, is a large Hungarian livestock guardian breed famous for its long, white, naturally corded coat. It was developed over centuries to protect flocks of sheep on the Hunga…

The Korea Jindo Dog is a spitz-type breed indigenous to Jindo Island off the southwestern coast of South Korea, where it was traditionally used for hunting game such as deer, wild boar, and small animals. It is a medium-…

The Kraški Ovčar, or Karst Shepherd Dog, is a Slovenian livestock guardian breed that takes its name from the Karst plateau where it was developed. Of Molossian type, it is a sturdy, medium-to-large dog with a long, dens…

The Kromfohrländer is a modern German breed of companion dog developed in the Siegerland region after the Second World War. It was established from a stray found by American troops and crossed with local terriers and gri…

The Kuvasz is an ancient Hungarian livestock guardian breed whose history traces back many centuries and is recorded in old Hungarian texts. Historically it served as a royal guard dog as well as a guardian of flocks and…

The Labrador Retriever is a British gundog breed developed in the United Kingdom from St. John's water dogs brought over from Newfoundland and named after the Labrador region. Originally bred to assist fishermen and late…

The Lagotto Romagnolo is an Italian breed from the Romagna region, originally developed as a water retriever in the marshlands of Comacchio and the Ravenna lagoons. As the wetlands were drained in the nineteenth and twen…

The Lakeland Terrier is a small working terrier originating in the Lake District of northern England, where it was developed by farmers to protect sheep from foxes and other predators. Squarely built with a hard, wiry do…

The Lancashire Heeler is a small British herding breed traditionally used as a cattle drover and ratter in the north-west of England. Short-legged and sturdy, with a short, glossy double coat in black and tan or liver an…

The Landseer of European Continental Type is a large working breed that originated in Canada and shares ancestry with the Newfoundland, of which it was historically considered a black-and-white variety. In continental Eu…

The Lapinporokoira, also known as the Lapponian Herder or Lapp Reindeer Dog, is a Finnish herding breed developed by the Sámi people for working reindeer in northern Lapland. It is one of three Lapphund breeds descended…

The Leonberger is a giant working breed whose name derives from the city of Leonberg in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, where it was developed in the nineteenth century. According to tradition it was created to resemble a li…

The Lhasa Apso is a small non-sporting breed originating in Tibet, where it was kept for centuries by Buddhist monks and nobility as an interior sentinel in monasteries and homes. Its long, hard, heavy coat protected it…

The Magyar Agár, or Hungarian Greyhound, is a short-haired sighthound native to Hungary and the historical lands of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, including Transylvania. It was traditionally used by nobles and farmers for…

The Maltese is an ancient toy breed from the central Mediterranean basin, long associated with the island of Malta and favored as a lapdog by aristocrats throughout European history. It is a small, compact dog with a str…

The Manchester Terrier is a smooth-haired British terrier developed in the nineteenth century in and around the city of Manchester in northern England. It was bred primarily to control vermin, particularly rats, at which…

The Mastiff, often called the English Mastiff, is an ancient British giant breed of molosser type with a history stretching back to pre-Roman Britain. It was historically employed as a guard dog, war dog, and estate prot…

The Mastín del Pirineo, or Pyrenean Mastiff, is a Spanish livestock guardian breed from the autonomous community of Aragón in north-eastern Spain. It was traditionally used to protect flocks from wolves and bears during…

The Mastín Español, or Spanish Mastiff, is a Spanish breed of mastiff originally developed as a guard dog and livestock guardian on the Iberian Peninsula. For centuries it protected flocks of sheep, particularly during t…

The Mastino Napoletano, or Neapolitan Mastiff, is an Italian mastiff-type breed from the region around Naples, descended from ancient molosser guard dogs of the Mediterranean. It was recognized by the Ente Nazionale dell…

The Miniature American Shepherd, often abbreviated MAS, is a small herding breed developed in the United States from small Australian Shepherds in the 1960s. It was bred to be a compact, agile stock dog suitable for work…

The Miniature Bull Terrier is a British bull-type terrier breed that shares ancestry with the standard Bull Terrier, drawing on the extinct English White Terrier, the Dalmatian, and the Bulldog. Its existence as a smalle…

The Mudi is a Hungarian herding breed closely related to the Puli and Pumi, from which it was separated as a distinct breed in the 1930s. Developed on Hungarian farms as an all-purpose worker, it was used to herd cattle,…

The Nederlandse Kooikerhondje is a small Dutch spaniel-type breed traditionally used to lure ducks into cage traps known as eendenkooien, from which the breed takes its name. Its distinctive white and red coat and black-…

The Nederlandse Schapendoes, or Dutch Sheepdog, is a medium-sized herding breed of Dutch origin used historically by shepherds on the heathlands of the Netherlands. It was prized as a hardy, versatile worker that could a…

The Newfoundland is a large working breed originating in the Canadian island of Newfoundland, where it was developed as a working dog for fishermen. It excelled at hauling nets and lines, retrieving gear from the water,…

The Japanese Spitz is a small companion breed developed in Japan during the early twentieth century from imported white Spitz-type dogs, most notably the German Spitz. It was refined through selective breeding to create…

The Japanese Terrier is a small, smooth-coated terrier native to Japan, believed to descend from Smooth Fox Terriers brought by Dutch traders in the seventeenth century and crossed with local Japanese dogs. It was develo…

The Norfolk Terrier is a small working terrier from East Anglia in Great Britain, developed in the late nineteenth century from crosses of small red terriers, Cairn Terriers and Irish Terriers. It was originally used by…

The Norrbottenspets is a small to medium Nordic spitz breed originating in the northern Swedish province of Norrbotten, where it was developed as a farm dog and all-round hunter. Traditionally used to hunt small game suc…

The Norwegian Buhund is a medium-sized spitz breed from Norway with ancient roots tied to Viking-era farm dogs, remains of which have been recovered from Norse burial sites. It was developed as an all-purpose farm dog us…

The Norwegian Elkhound Grey is an ancient Nordic spitz breed native to Norway, long used by Scandinavian hunters to track and hold large game such as moose, bear and lynx. Working independently from the hunter, it locate…

The Norwegian Elkhound Black is a rarer, slightly smaller and lighter-built variant of the Norwegian elkhound, developed in Norway during the nineteenth century specifically for hunting moose and other large game in moun…

The Norwegian Lundehund is a small spitz breed from remote islands off the coast of northern Norway, developed over centuries to hunt puffins and their eggs on steep sea cliffs. It possesses several unique anatomical fea…

The Norwich Terrier is a small working terrier that originated in East Anglia, England, in the late nineteenth century, developed from crosses of small red terriers used by stable hands and students at Cambridge. It was…

The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever is a medium-sized gundog developed in the Little River district of Nova Scotia, Canada, in the early nineteenth century. It was bred to toll, or lure, ducks within gunshot range by…

The Polish Hound, known in Polish as Ogar Polski, is a large scenthound indigenous to Poland with a documented history reaching back several centuries. It was developed by Polish nobility for hunting large game such as b…

The Old English Sheepdog is a large, shaggy herding breed that emerged in the west of England in the early nineteenth century from older types of drovers' and herding dogs. It was used to drive sheep and cattle to market…

The Otterhound is a large British scenthound developed in medieval England specifically for hunting otters along rivers and streams, a practice intended to protect fish stocks. It combines a keen nose, a rough waterproof…

The Parson Russell Terrier is a small working terrier that originated in nineteenth-century England, developed by the Reverend John Russell to hunt red fox. It was bred to run with hounds and to go to ground, bolting fox…

The Pekingese is an ancient toy breed developed in imperial China, where for centuries it was kept exclusively in the palace as a companion to the emperor and his court. Dogs of the breed were first brought to the West a…

The Perdigueiro Português, or Portuguese Pointer, is a medium-sized gundog of ancient origin that has been documented in Portugal since at least the fourteenth century. It was developed to locate and point upland game bi…

The Perdiguero de Burgos, or Burgos Pointer, is a large Spanish gundog native to the province of Burgos in the Castile region of northern Spain. It was developed from older Iberian pointing hounds to locate and point sma…

The Spanish Water Dog, or Perro de Agua Español, is a medium-sized Iberian water dog of ancient origin, traditionally found throughout Spain and especially in Andalusia and the Cantabrian coast. It was used as an all-pur…

The Perro Dogo Mallorquín, also known as the Ca de Bou or Majorca Mastiff, is a medium-sized molosser breed native to the Balearic island of Majorca in Spain. It was developed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries f…

The Perro Sin Pelo del Perú, or Peruvian Hairless Dog, is an ancient sighthound-like breed indigenous to Peru, with depictions on pre-Incan pottery from cultures such as the Moche, Chimú and Chancay dating back to around…

The Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen is a small, rough-coated scenthound from the Vendée region on the Atlantic coast of France, where it was developed to hunt hare through dense, bramble-filled terrain. It is one of several…

The Petit Bleu de Gascogne is a French scenthound from the Gascony region in the south-west of the country, developed as a smaller version of the Grand Bleu de Gascogne for hunting smaller game such as hare and rabbit. D…

The Petit Brabançon is a small companion breed originating in Belgium, developed in the nineteenth century in and around Brussels from the Smousje, a local ratting terrier crossed with Pugs and King Charles Spaniels. It…

The Petit Chien Lion, better known as the Löwchen or Little Lion Dog, is a small companion breed associated primarily with France but with historical roots across continental Europe dating back to at least the sixteenth…

The Pharaoh Hound, known in Maltese as Kelb tal-Fenek, meaning rabbit dog, is a medium-sized sighthound and scenthound from the Mediterranean island of Malta. It was developed by rural Maltese hunters to pursue rabbits a…

The Piccolo Levriero Italiano, or Italian Greyhound, is a small sighthound of ancient Mediterranean origin that was refined in the Italian peninsula during the Renaissance as a favoured companion of the nobility. Althoug…

The Podenco Canario, or Canarian Warren Hound, is a medium-sized primitive sighthound-scenthound from the Canary Islands of Spain, where it has been used for centuries to hunt rabbit across the archipelago's volcanic ter…

The Podenco Ibicenco, or Ibizan Hound, is a lean primitive sighthound from the Balearic island of Ibiza in Spain, traditionally used to hunt rabbits across rocky, arid terrain. It hunts by combining sight, sound and scen…

The Podengo Português, or Portuguese Podengo, is a primitive hunting breed native to Portugal, where it has been used for centuries to hunt rabbit and other small game across varied terrain. It occurs in three sizes, peq…

The Poitevin, also known as the Chien de Haut-Poitou, is a large French scenthound that originated in the province of Poitou in west-central France during the seventeenth century. It was created by local nobility specifi…

The Polish Lowland Sheepdog, known in Polish as Polski Owczarek Nizinny, is a medium-sized herding breed native to Poland. It was historically developed to drive and guard flocks of sheep across the country's lowland pla…

The Polish Tatra Sheepdog, or Polski Owczarek Podhalanski, is a large livestock guardian breed from the Tatra Mountains of southern Poland. It was developed by Podhale shepherds to protect sheep and cattle from wolves an…

The Porcelaine is a French scent hound believed to be one of the oldest pack hounds of France, with roots in the historical Franche-Comte region. It was traditionally bred to hunt hare, roe deer, and wild boar in organiz…

The Posavac Hound, known as Posavski Gonic, is a medium-sized scent hound developed in the Sava River valley of Croatia. It was bred to trail hare and fox through the dense woodlands and marshy lowlands of the region, wo…

The Prague Ratter, or Prazsky Krysarik, is a very small toy breed originating in the Czech lands, where it has been documented at the Bohemian royal court since the Middle Ages. It was originally kept to control rats and…

The Presa Canario is a large molossoid breed from the Canary Islands of Spain, particularly Gran Canaria and Tenerife. It was developed from crosses between native island dogs and imported mastiff and bulldog types to se…

The Pudelpointer is a versatile German gun dog created in the late nineteenth century by crossing the Standard Poodle with the English Pointer. The goal of its breeders was to combine the poodle's trainability and love o…

The Pug is a small brachycephalic toy breed of Chinese origin, where it was kept for centuries as a companion of emperors and Buddhist monks. Dutch traders brought the breed to Europe in the sixteenth century, and it soo…

The Puli is a small-to-medium Hungarian herding dog that arrived with the Magyars in the Carpathian Basin more than a thousand years ago. It was developed to move and drive flocks of sheep on the Hungarian plains, workin…

The Pumi is a medium-small Hungarian herding breed that developed from the older Puli through infusions of German and French herding dogs in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It was bred to gather, drive, and gua…

The Rafeiro do Alentejo is a large livestock guardian breed from the Alentejo region of southern Portugal. It was traditionally used to protect transhumant flocks of sheep and cattle as they moved between seasonal pastur…

The Rastreador Brasileiro, or Brazilian Tracker, is a large scent hound developed in Brazil during the twentieth century by crossing American hounds such as the Black and Tan Coonhound with local dogs. It was created spe…

The Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz is a small Spanish terrier that developed in the wine cellars, or bodegas, of Andalusia in southern Spain. It was bred to keep rats and mice out of wine stores, stables, and farms, drawing…

The Rhodesian Ridgeback is a large hound breed developed in southern Africa by European settlers who crossed their imported dogs with the ridged semi-domesticated dogs of the Khoikhoi people. It was used in what is now Z…

The Giant Schnauzer, or Riesenschnauzer, is a large working breed developed in the Bavarian and Wuerttemberg regions of southern Germany. It was originally bred to drive cattle to market and later to guard breweries, sto…

The Rottweiler is a large working breed that traces its roots to drover dogs brought by Roman legions through what is now southern Germany. In the town of Rottweil it was refined to drive cattle to market and to pull but…

The Hungarian Short-haired Pointer, or Roevidszoerue Magyar Vizsla, is a medium-sized pointing breed developed in Hungary over several centuries. It was bred by Magyar nobility and later refined into its modern form to s…

The Borzoi, formally the Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya or Russian Hunting Sighthound, is a tall, long-coated sighthound developed by the Russian aristocracy. Before the twentieth century it was the central breed in highly org…

The Black Russian Terrier, known locally as the Russkiy Tchiorny Terrier, is a large working breed developed by the Red Army's Red Star Kennel near Moscow in the mid-twentieth century. It was created by crossing Giant Sc…

The Russkiy Toy is a very small companion breed developed in Russia from the English Toy Terrier and related toy types brought to the Russian court in the nineteenth century. It was refined as a miniature house dog for t…

The Russian-European Laika is a medium-sized northern hunting spitz developed in the forest regions of western Russia during the twentieth century from several local laika types. It was bred as a versatile hunter capable…

The Saarloos Wolfdog, or Saarlooswolfhond, is a large wolfdog breed created in the Netherlands in the 1930s by Leendert Saarloos, who crossed a German Shepherd with a European wolf. His aim was to reintroduce natural tra…

The Sabueso Espanol, or Spanish Hound, is a medium-sized scent hound native to the mountainous regions of northern Spain. It has been used for many centuries to hunt hare, wild boar, roe deer, and historically wolf and b…

The Saluki is an ancient sighthound associated with the Middle East, where depictions of similar dogs appear in Mesopotamian and Egyptian art dating back several millennia. It was traditionally kept by nomadic Bedouin tr…

The Samoyed is a medium-large spitz breed that takes its name from the Samoyedic peoples of northern Siberia, who bred it for more than a thousand years. It was used to herd reindeer, haul sledges, and provide companions…

The Schillerstoevare, or Schiller Hound, is a medium-sized Swedish scent hound developed in the late nineteenth century by farmer Per Schiller, who exhibited the founding dogs in Stockholm in 1886. It was bred from older…

The Schipperke is a small black breed originating in the Flemish region of Belgium, where it is believed to have been developed during the seventeenth century. It was traditionally kept on the canal barges, in workshops,…

The Schnauzer, or Standard Schnauzer, is a medium-sized working breed developed in the farmlands of southern Germany during the Middle Ages. It was bred as an all-purpose farm dog used to drive livestock to market, guard…

The Small Swiss Hound, or Schweizer Niederlaufhund, is a short-legged variety of the Swiss hound group developed in Switzerland for hunting in more restricted terrain. It was created in the late nineteenth century by sel…

The Swiss Hound, or Schweizer Laufhund, is a group of medium-sized scent hounds that has been developed in Switzerland for hunting hare and fox since the Middle Ages. It comprises several regional varieties distinguished…

The Scottish Terrier, also known as the Scottie, is a small terrier breed originating in the Scottish Highlands, with its modern form shaped in the late 19th century around Aberdeen. It was developed to hunt vermin, fox,…

The Sealyham Terrier is a small working terrier developed in Wales in the mid to late 19th century by Captain John Edwardes at Sealyham House in Pembrokeshire. It was bred to hunt badger, otter, and fox, using its short…

The Segugio Italiano a Pelo Forte, or Italian Rough-Haired Hound, is an ancient Italian scenthound whose ancestors are traced to hounds of the Roman and pre-Roman era. It was developed on the Italian peninsula to track a…

The Segugio Italiano a Pelo Raso, the short-haired variety of the Italian Segugio, is a traditional scenthound from Italy with roots reaching back to antiquity. It was bred to hunt hare and wild boar across the rugged It…

The Segugio Maremmano is an Italian scenthound from the Maremma, the coastal plain stretching across southern Tuscany and northern Lazio. It was developed by local hunters to pursue wild boar, and is also used on hare an…

The Shar Pei is an ancient breed originating in southern China, where it was historically kept by rural farmers as a guardian, hunter, and general-purpose working dog. Pushed to the brink of extinction during the mid-20t…

The Shetland Sheepdog, commonly called the Sheltie, is a small herding breed from the rugged Shetland Islands off the northern coast of Scotland, and was formally recognized by the Kennel Club in 1909. It was developed t…

The Shiba Inu is a small Spitz-type breed native to Japan and is the smallest of the six original Japanese dog breeds. It was traditionally used in the mountainous regions of central Japan to flush birds and small game,…

The Shih Tzu is a small toy breed believed to have originated in Tibet and later developed in the Chinese imperial court, where it was prized as a palace companion. It is thought to descend from crosses of Tibetan breeds…

The Shikoku, sometimes called the Kochi-ken, is a medium-sized Spitz-type breed from the mountainous island of Shikoku in Japan. It was developed by Japanese hunters to pursue wild boar and deer in rugged terrain, and wa…

The Siberian Husky is a medium-sized working sled dog of Spitz type whose ancestors were bred by the Chukchi people of northeastern Siberia for long-distance transport and companionship. The breed was brought to Alaska i…

The Skye Terrier is a small Scottish terrier breed named for the Isle of Skye in the Inner Hebrides, where it was developed several centuries ago. It was bred to hunt fox, badger, and otter among the rocky cairns of the…

The Sloughi, also called the Arabian Greyhound, is an ancient sighthound native to North Africa, with longstanding populations in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. It was developed by Berber and nomadic people…

The Slovenský Cuvac, or Slovak Chuvach, is a large white livestock guardian breed from the mountainous regions of Slovakia, closely related to other Carpathian white mountain dogs. It was developed to protect sheep, catt…

The Slovenský Hrubosrstý Stavac, known in English as the Slovakian Wirehaired Pointer, is a versatile gundog developed in Slovakia during the mid-20th century. It was created by crossing Weimaraner, German Wirehaired Poi…

The Slovenský Kopov, or Slovakian Hound, is a medium-sized scenthound traditionally considered the national hunting breed of Slovakia, with roots in older Central European hound stock. It was developed to track and hunt…

The Smålandsstövare, or Småland Hound, is a Swedish scenthound originating in the Småland province of southern Sweden, where it is regarded as the country's oldest native hound breed. It was developed by local farmers as…

The Spinone Italiano is an ancient Italian breed of hunting dog, traditionally associated with the Piedmont region and used as an all-around gundog. It was developed to track, point, and retrieve game across varied terra…

The Sredneasiatskaya Ovtcharka, known in English as the Central Asian Shepherd Dog and regionally as the Alabai, is a large livestock guardian breed from the steppes and mountains of Central Asia, including present-day T…

The Srpski Gonic, or Serbian Hound, is a medium-sized scenthound from Serbia, previously known as the Balkan Hound. It was developed in the Balkan region to trail and drive hare, fox, and wild boar through the hills and…

The Srpski Trobojni Gonic, or Serbian Tricolour Hound, is a scenthound developed in Serbia and closely related to the Serbian Hound, from which it differs mainly in its tricolour coat. It was bred in the Balkans for hunt…

The St. Bernard is a giant working breed developed in the Swiss and Italian Alps, closely associated with the hospice of the Great St. Bernard Pass, where monks kept the dogs from at least the 17th century. It was used f…

The Stabijhoun is a versatile gundog from the Frisian region of the northern Netherlands, where it has been kept by farmers for several centuries as an all-purpose working dog. It was traditionally used to hunt small gam…

The Staffordshire Bull Terrier is a medium-sized bull-and-terrier breed developed in the Black Country of 19th-century England, particularly around Staffordshire. It arose from crosses between old bulldog types and local…

The Steirische Rauhhaarbracke, or Styrian Coarse-Haired Hound, is an Austrian scenthound developed in the late 19th century in the mountainous province of Styria by breeder Karl Peintinger. It was created by crossing Han…

The Suomenajokoira, or Finnish Hound, is a medium-sized scenthound developed in Finland from the early 19th century onward by crossing various English, German, Swiss, and Scandinavian hounds. It was bred to work alone in…

The Suomenlapinkoira, or Finnish Lapphund, is a medium-sized Spitz-type breed from Finnish Lapland, traditionally kept by the Sámi people. It was developed to herd and protect reindeer in the harsh Arctic environment of…

The Suomenpystykorva, known in English as the Finnish Spitz, is a medium-sized Spitz-type breed from Finland and is recognized as the country's national dog. It was developed over centuries by hunters in the northern for…

The Sussex Spaniel is a low, compact flushing spaniel native to the county of Sussex in southern England, where it was developed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It was bred to work slowly and methodically thro…

The Svensk Lapphund, or Swedish Lapphund, is a medium-sized Spitz-type breed from northern Sweden and is considered one of the country's oldest native breeds. It was developed from dogs kept by the Sámi people for herdin…

The Taiwan Dog is a primitive breed native to the island of Taiwan, descended from hunting dogs kept by indigenous peoples of the central mountain ranges. It was traditionally used to track and hold game in dense forest…

The Brazilian Terrier, or Terrier Brasileiro, is a small terrier breed developed in Brazil from crosses between European terriers brought by immigrants and local dogs. It was bred as a farm and household worker to hunt r…

The Thai Bangkaew Dog is a medium-sized spitz-type breed originating in the Bangkaew village of Phitsanulok Province in central Thailand. Tradition holds that it descends from a cross between a local female dog and a wil…

The Thai Ridgeback is an ancient primitive breed native to eastern Thailand, where it was historically used for hunting small game, guarding property, and accompanying carts. Its most distinctive feature is a ridge of ha…

The Tibetan Spaniel is a small companion breed that originated in the Himalayan region of Tibet, where it was kept for centuries in Buddhist monasteries. Monks valued the dogs as alert watch companions that would sit on…

The Tibetan Terrier is a medium-sized companion breed developed centuries ago in the monasteries and nomadic camps of Tibet. Despite its name, it is not a true terrier and was never used to hunt vermin; instead, the dogs…

The Tyrolean Hound, known in German as the Tiroler Bracke, is a medium-sized scent hound developed in the Tyrol region of Austria. It was bred to track wounded game and to hunt hare and fox across the steep, broken terra…

The Tornjak, also called the Bosnian-Herzegovinian and Croatian Shepherd Dog, is a large livestock guardian breed native to the mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. It was developed over centuries to protect…

The Tosa, also known as the Japanese Mastiff, is a large molosser breed developed in the Tosa region of Shikoku, Japan, during the nineteenth century. It was created by crossing the native Shikoku dog with Western breeds…

The Västgötaspets, known in English as the Swedish Vallhund, is a small spitz-type herding dog from the Västergötland region of Sweden. It was developed by Viking-era farmers to drive cattle, control vermin, and guard th…

The Volpino Italiano is a small spitz-type breed native to Italy, closely related to the German Spitz and Pomeranian. Historically it was kept by Italian farmers, carters, and nobility alike as an alert household watchdo…

The East Siberian Laika is a Russian spitz-type hunting breed originating in the taiga regions east of the Yenisei River in Siberia. It was developed by indigenous and Russian hunters as a versatile working dog used to t…

The Weimaraner is a medium-to-large hunting breed developed in the early nineteenth century at the court of Weimar in what is now Germany. It was bred as an all-purpose gun dog for the nobility, originally used on large…

The Cardigan Welsh Corgi is a short-legged herding breed that originated in Cardiganshire in rural Wales, where its ancestors were brought to Britain more than a thousand years ago. It was used by tenant farmers to drive…

The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is a small herding breed from Pembrokeshire in Wales, developed to drive cattle and ponies on the farms of southwestern Wales. It shares ancient roots with the Cardigan Corgi but is believed to h…

The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a medium-sized gun dog developed in Wales, where spaniels of this type have been documented for several centuries. It was bred to work on rough Welsh terrain, using its nose to find game and…

The Welsh Terrier is a medium-sized terrier breed that originated in the mountains of northern Wales, where it was developed for hunting fox, badger, and otter alongside packs of hounds. Sometimes considered one of the o…

The West Highland White Terrier, commonly called the Westie, is a small working terrier developed in the western Highlands of Scotland. It was bred to hunt foxes, badgers, and vermin among the rocky cairns of the rugged…

The Westphalian Dachsbracke is a small, short-legged scent hound that originated in the Westphalia region of Germany. It was bred for tracking and driving game such as hare, fox, and deer through dense cover, where its l…

The Wetterhoun, or Frisian Water Dog, is a medium-sized gun dog native to the province of Friesland in the northern Netherlands, where it has been known for several centuries. It was developed as an all-around water and…

The Whippet is a medium-sized sighthound developed in England during the nineteenth century, where it was bred by working-class families in northern mill towns from greyhound and terrier stock. It was created as a fast,…

The Xoloitzcuintle, often shortened to Xolo and known in English as the Mexican Hairless Dog, is an ancient primitive breed native to Mexico and Central America. Revered by the Aztec, Maya, and other pre-Columbian people…

The Yakutian Laika is a Nordic working breed from the Yakutia region of northeastern Siberia in Russia, where it has been kept for centuries by the indigenous Yakut people. It was developed as an all-purpose Arctic dog u…

The Yorkshire Terrier is a British toy breed developed during the nineteenth century in the English county of Yorkshire, where it was created by workers from Scotland who brought various small terriers with them during t…

The South Russian Ovcharka, known in Russian as the Yuzhnorusskaya Ovcharka, is a large livestock guardian breed developed in the steppes of southern Russia and Ukraine. It was bred from imported Asturian and local herdi…